HST(NST1) ( 1st year for all branches)

*' Science and Technology are inter disciplinary' :

 S&T are threads which holds together the fabric of civilization.

 S&T must be concentrated on major national priorities there

 is irrefutable and unbreakable bond between the arts and

 sciences, between culture and technology.

*intelligent use of S&T can increase production and productivity,

 employment generation,eradication of diseases and improvement 

of health.S&T are among  the basic factors in the dividing wall 

between poverty and prosperity.

*S&T helps in the developmeny of industeries like electronics

  and nuclear energy, space programs ,ocean development etc.

*The result of research is seen in the transformation of 

agriculture which is at minimal level of production into

 commercial agricuture .

*Control and eradication of diseases like plague and miracle 

changes in the field of communication.

* There are some short comings the dangerous sideeffects 

of rapid technological development include the environmental

 degradation, ozone layer depletion ,health problems and failure

 of human relations .these sideeffects are to be prevented with

 the help of S&T otherwisecan cause irrwversible damage

 interaction between thescientificcommunity and the rest 

of the society must be encoraged to avoid misdirected research 

and least favourable use of investment.

*The impact of S&Tical effect is easily seen in some areas

 than in others such as industrial advancementss, achievements

 in space applications defence and nuclear research .These 

advancements do not reduce the misery of large section 

of our population having to exist in unsanitary conditions 

without safe drinking water with little no medical facilities.

*A large number of our villages are steeped in poverty , 

still unliterateslacking schools. Unless rural India at large

 is positively benifited by S&T the impact of research will

 be of negligible value.Efforts have been made and much

 remains to be done.

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ROOTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

  IN ANCIENT AND MODERN PERIODS:-

*The roots of S&T can be studied broadly in prehistoric 

and historic periods.

*Prehistoric  period indicate there is no written

 information regarding S&T.

*Based on the available tools (stone ,bone) we can 

studied the S&T in prehistoric periods as paleolithic

 period ,mesolithic period, neolithic period ,metal age.

METAL AGE:- Copper age,bronze age,iron age.

Paleolithic period:- 

In this age human being lives lonely hunting and 

gathering the food is his main duty .

Mesolithic period:-

In this period human being lives in groups and hunting

 and gathering the food is main duty and fire is discovered

 in this period.

Neolithic period:- 

Human being lives nomadic community and villages ,

cultivationof crops ,usuage of the metals were innitiated

 at the end of this age.

Copper age:-

Usuage of metal was established .

Bronze age:-

Alloys were used in this period.

EX:-

Indus valley civilization.

Iron age:-

Usage of iron metal humans become quite intelluctal

 kingdoms were established.